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Years Insights 

AI Act and the EU Guidelines on General Purpose AI Models: what changes for providers and businesses

​The adoption of the EU Commission Guidelines on providers of General Purpose AI (GPAI) models marks a turning point for anyone developing, distributing, or customizing AI systems. With the obligations now in effect as of August 2, under the enforcement of the AI Act, companies and providers must adapt to a new regulatory landscape with clear responsibilities across the entire value chain.


Mancanza di assetti adeguati: i rischi per l’amministratore

​La Riforma della Crisi d’Impresa ha profondamente ridefinito il ruolo e la responsabilità degli amministratori, attribuendo loro un obbligo diretto e personale nella gestione della crisi aziendale. Pur non essendo necessariamente titolari del capitale sociale, in caso di crisi o insolvenza, gli amministratori possono essere chiamati a rispondere patrimonialmente e personalmente per la mancata adozione di assetti organizzativi, amministrativi e contabili adeguati.

Compliance in Art Transactions: Export Restrictions and Legal Risks

​​The increasingly interconnected global art market is subject to a complex regulatory landscape that governs the import and export of cultural property. The laws surrounding these movements not only address tax and customs aspects but also protect national cultural heritage, setting stringent criteria for the preservation and management of artworks. Understanding international regulations, as well as local specifics, is crucial to avoid issues related to sanctions, seizures, and the loss of value of artworks.

M&A and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation: New Challenges for Cross-Border Transactions

​Regulation (EU) 2022/2560 on Foreign Subsidies (FSR) has reshaped cross-border M&A operations. Effective with notification obligations from October 12, 2023, the FSR introduces additional scrutiny of financial contributions from third countries to preserve a level playing field in the EU market. For companies engaged in cross-border M&A, understanding and managing the FSR is essential for strategic planning.

Art as a Financial Asset: Legal Implications for Companies

The art market has undergone a significant transformation, with artworks increasingly being used as financial assets. Institutional collectors, investment funds, and auction houses consider artworks as strategic portfolio diversification tools and collateral for bank loans. However, integrating art into the financial sector raises several legal implications that extend far beyond mere commercial transactions.

How AI Can Strengthen Cybersecurity Culture

​In an increasingly digital and interconnected business landscape, cybersecurity has become a strategic priority for organizations worldwide. The growing sophistication of cyber threats, combined with stricter regulatory frameworks, has led companies to seek innovative solutions to protect their data and infrastructure. In this context, artificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative force, enabling businesses to strengthen their cybersecurity culture and enhance their defense capabilities proactively.

The Importance of Due Diligence in the Art Trade

​​In the context of the art trade, Due Diligence plays a crucial role in protecting the interests of buyers, sellers, and industry players, including galleries, auction houses, and investment firms. In a complex and ever-evolving market, transparency and legal protection are essential to avoid risks related to counterfeit artworks, undocumented provenance, or legal issues. Due Diligence enables the parties involved in transactions to make informed decisions and minimize potential financial or reputational losses.

Mitigating Technological Risks in the Age of Digital Transformation

​In an era of rapid digital transformation, businesses face increasingly complex technological risks that require structured governance and proactive legal strategies. Cybersecurity threats, regulatory compliance in data management, and the ethical and legal implications of artificial intelligence are among the most pressing challenges for companies operating in today’s global market.

What Are the Legal Implications of AI in Companies?

​Artificial Intelligence is rapidly changing the business landscape, bringing innovations across sectors ranging from manufacturing and distribution to human resource management and marketing. However, along with the benefits it brings, the adoption of AI raises critical legal issues, including data protection, regulatory compliance, and legal responsibilities related to the use of AI applications.